TERRORISM IS A THREAT TO MODERN SOCIETY

It is absolutely natural that the theme of terrorism and extremism in the modern world and its information field is one of the most pressing. A huge problem today has become the extremely dangerous socio-political and criminal phenomena that constitute terrorism and extremism, as well as their varieties – terrorist acts on criminal grounds, extreme nationalist (separatist) manifestations, religious extremism, which pose a global threat to the security of the world and humanity . Tens of thousands of terrorist bombings have already occurred in many countries around the world, and the list of their victims was long.

A series of terrorist attacks unprecedented in their consequences in the United States, Russia, Spain, Great Britain, India, Iraq, Indonesia, France and other countries since the late 90s. showed that the currently established mechanisms for countering terrorism in most countries of the world do not correspond to the level and nature of the terrorist threat. Currently, countering terrorist explosions is not a local task of one country and is a truly global problem.

It should be noted that terrorism concerns both developed countries and countries undergoing a stage of reform and formation, and is a huge threat to national security. At the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century. The world is faced with the growth of extremism and terrorism, finding itself completely unprepared either from the point of view of the practical fight against these phenomena, or from the point of view of their theoretical understanding.

Extremism – (from the Latin extremus – extreme) is the commitment of individuals, groups, organizations to extreme views, positions and measures in social activities. Its goal: destabilization, destruction of relationships and values established in society. Like any manifestation, extremism has its own certain characteristic features: violence or the threat of violence; one-dimensional perception of social problems; fanaticism; thoughtless execution of any orders; reliance not on reason, but on instincts and prejudices; inability to tolerate.

Terrorism is a serious crime when an organized group of people seeks to achieve their goal through violence. Innocent people, including children, often become victims of terrorism. Terror is intimidation, suppression of opponents, physical violence, up to the physical destruction of people by committing acts of violence (murder, arson, explosions, hostage-taking). Consequently, terrorism is a form of extremism. The word “terror” is translated from Latin as “horror”. Terrorists are extremely cruel people who want to intimidate us by any means, people who take hostages, organize explosions in crowded places, and use weapons.

There are 3 types of modern terrorism: nationalistic, religious and political. The concept of “terrorism”, “terrorist”, appeared in France at the end of the 18th century. This is what the Jacobins called themselves, and always with a positive connotation. However, during the French Revolution, the word “Terrorism” became synonymous with criminal. Until very recently, the concept of “terrorism” already meant a spectrum of different shades of violence. Dictionaries define the concept of “terrorism” as violent actions by criminals with the aim of undermining the existing government, complicating international relations, political and economic extortion from states.

Currently, there are about a hundred terrorist organizations around the world, and extremism is acquiring increasingly diverse forms and threatening proportions. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 500 terrorist organizations and groups of various extremist orientations operating in the world. Over the past 10 years, they have committed more than 6,500 acts of international terrorism, which killed tens of thousands of people and injured more than 11,000.

Terrorist attacks cause massive loss of life; destroy material and spiritual values that cannot be restored; sow enmity between states and peoples; provoke wars. These negative phenomena occur wherever there are information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet. It is with their help that new members are attracted to illegal organizations. It is also a convenient way to coordinate those committing extremist crimes and spreading the ideology of terrorism and extremism. The threat of subversive acts will continue as long as these channels and sources exist. Religion is very often used as a recruitment tool and a means to aggravate interfaith conflicts. Radical movements of Islam preach not only their own exclusivity, but also violent methods of spreading this faith.

Prevention of terrorist and other extremist activities includes the preparation and implementation by the state and its authorized bodies of a comprehensive system of political, socio-economic, informational, educational, organizational, operational-search, rights.

The turbulent world situation, the threat to the peaceful life and peace and stability of mankind, has worried the people of the society today.

When one sees through the news media the refugees of the Eastern countries, how many hardships and sufferings they cross the borders of other countries in the hands of small children, in a state of disappointment and despair due to the fear of death and murder, one’s heart breaks. After all, they also owned the state, house and house. Their children also dreamed of happiness and education.

The plague of the century, which is called extremism or international terrorism, is today considered one of the daily problems of the world community. Extremism is an action or movement carried out by a person or group to eliminate the policy, culture or ideology of the state. That is, the goal of such individuals and groups is to introduce their ideology, and their criminal goal is to overthrow the current government. At the same time, the question arises that terrorists also do not have a country, a nation, or children? The answer to this question is one. No! They have homeland and nation, not faith and justice. For terrorists, killing innocent people, burning them alive or burying them, destroying property and a prosperous country, and making innocent people flee are the main goals. In order to increase their influence and attract a large number of people, especially young people, to their ranks, terrorist and extremist groups make material promises and a peaceful life in the world. For this purpose, they use unorganized parties and movements of other countries by subjugating their leaders.

Since 1999, the Republic of Tajikistan has adopted a number of normative legal documents for the comprehensive fight against terrorism and extremism. On November 16, 1999 The Founder of Peace and Unity, The Leader of Nation, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan , His Majesty Emomali Rahmon signed the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Combating Terroris”. On November 21, 2003, the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Combating Extremism” was approved. The adoption of these two laws created wide opportunities for the Republic of Tajikistan to strengthen the fight against terrorism and extremism.

Since 1997, 14 organized terrorist groups have been destroyed by the authorities in Tajikistan, and the activities of 12 extremist movements, parties and groups have been banned in the territory of the republic.

Thus, the efforts of international terrorist organizations to strengthen the position of their supporters in the countries of Central Asia, especially Tajikistan, were unsuccessful. The reasons for the success of the Republic of Tajikistan in the fight against terrorism and extremism can be explained as follows:

– the international community fully supported the hard and relentless fight of the Government of Tajikistan against terrorism and extremism;

– the establishment of an anti-terrorist structure within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Central Asian region in 2004 allowed Tajikistan to further strengthen the fight against terrorism and extremism;

– The Republic of Tajikistan ratified and approved all the anti-terrorist conventions adopted within the framework of the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization;

– Tajikistan, which is among the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, is at the forefront of the fight against terrorism and religious extremism. religion stands as a shield to their territory.

Thus, in order to effectively fight against religious extremist ideology, extremism and terror, in addition to the mentioned suggestions, it is necessary for the family, society and the state to have a high level of education in the formation and education of the personality that always gives priority to the national and state interests. morals, having a spiritual world, being responsible, creative, tolerant and godly, and making a valuable contribution together. There is no doubt that the state develops only with its strong intellectual power, national idea and its vanguards, i.e. intellectuals, scholars and educated and innovative youth. To achieve sustainable development, of course, it is important to strengthen the national idea and state ideology.

Mirzojonova Malika Kosimovna – Candidate of philological sciences, Associate professor of the Department of English language , Tajik State University of law, business and politics